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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a process for treating ash from the incineration of municipal waste, ie mixed waste. In the process according to the invention, a cement-based binder combination is formed in which fly ash, ie APC ash, from the incineration of municipal waste, ie mixed waste, is mixed with the cement powder. The invention also relates to products prepared by the process and their use.
    公开号:FI20195733A1
    申请号:FI20195733
    申请日:2019-09-05
    公开日:2020-12-13
    发明作者:Aino Heikkinen-Mustonen
    申请人:Fatec Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF ASH FOR WASTE INCINERATION
    The invention relates to a method for treating ash from the incineration of municipal waste, as defined in the preamble of claim 1, and to a product formed by the method as defined in the preamble of claim 7 and to the use of the product as defined in the preamble of claim 15.
    In the production of electricity and heat, various combustion plants are commonly used, in which the ash generated is further treated differently on a case-by-case basis. These combustion plants use, among other things, coal, wood, bark, peat and other biofuels, as well as natural gas, oil and, increasingly, municipal waste, which can also be called mixed waste. Depending on the fuel used, the ash from incinerators has to be disposed of in many different ways, for environmental reasons. When an incineration plant operates as a waste-to-energy plant, the waste is usually the above-mentioned mixed waste, and in connection with the incineration of waste, slag, boiler and fly ash and so-called APC waste, even when mixed with other fly ash, is generally harmful and even dangerous to humans and the environment. APC stands for Air Pollution Control. APC waste is a fly ash material generated as a by-product of waste incineration, which is hereinafter also referred to as APC ash and APC fly ash in the context of the description of the present invention.
    3 30 D The recovery of APC ashes from waste incineration is hampered by the concentrations of substances classified as hazardous. Such APC ash contains, inter alia, heavy
    tallja. Thus, APC ash from the incineration of mixed waste cannot be disposed of in landfills, for example, without separate studies. If the newly defined eligibility conditions are met, landfill placement is possible. If the eligibility conditions are not met, the said APC ashes are classified as hazardous waste and must be delivered to designated areas for disposal or disposal. The disposal of APC ash is a growing problem. However, not all APC ash is as dangerous as a whole. In this case, one of the problems with the incineration of mixed waste is, in particular, that too much of the APC fly ash that can be recycled for other uses is taken to landfills for unnecessary waste. By appropriately treating a large portion of the APC fly ash currently incinerated as municipal waste in power plants, it could be utilized, for example, as an admixture for cement that does not need to be of the best possible quality.
    Fly ash, which is essentially environmentally friendly for coal and biopower plants, has been used as an admixture in the manufacture of cement according to the prior art, but the results may not have been good enough for the strength of the concrete obtained, as fly ash is generally used as such. in no way Unsorted. In this case, the concrete 7 in which the unsorted fly ash has been used as the alloying element 7 has qualitatively improved only somewhat a or not at all. In the prior art solutions, the cements supplemented with fly ash generally contain about 3 to 15-40% of the above-mentioned N fly ash, which is essentially harmless to the environment. The use of untreated fly ash is typically seasonal, the amounts used are limited and the benefit obtained has been small due to strict technical limits. By adding unsorted APC fly ash to the cement powder, which has first been allowed to age, it is finally possible to obtain substantially similar compressive strength values for concrete as with the sorted fly ash according to the invention. The problem, however, is that in this case it is never certain, without separate, time-consuming measurements, whether the achieved compressive strength is sufficiently high. In addition, fly ash does not automatically age into a homogeneous material, so using such fly ash, which has first been allowed to age, does not provide a sufficiently homogeneous material to be used as a cement additive. Instead, the solution according to the invention produces a sufficiently uniform and usable fly ash product immediately, and APC waste can also be used as a starting material. Ground blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of the manufacture of pig iron, has also been used as an admixture for cement. Already in 1981-1982, the inventor of the present invention, Aino Heikkinen, studied the use of blast furnace slag in concrete structures at the Finnish company Lujabetoni Oy and also the use of fly ash from peat combustion as a cement additive. Table 1] below shows some of Aino Heikkinen's N test and research results at that time. I
    S r Fresh mass / prism test 2 Raahe blast furnace slag CEM 80% K Raw materials CEM | 100% mem Te [Ut
    NN NN ss [- =>! ! —— EL 1 ... ew Table 1. Aino Heikkinen's studies in 1981-1982 investigated the compressive strength of concretes made from different binder mixtures as a function of time. The second column of Table 1 shows an experiment carried out on 28 January 1981 in which finely ground blast furnace slag, which has also been alkali-activated, is used as a binder instead of normal cement. The compressive strength tested in accordance with the standard has increased very rapidly and reaches 49 MPa after only one day. In general, the strength value required for the standard quality requirement must be reached within 28 days at the latest.
    The third column of Table 1 shows an experiment carried out on 3 February 1981 in which 20% of fly ash from peat combustion was mixed with CEM grade I cement. In this case, the compressive strength values have not been measured hourly, but the first measured D 20 value is after one day. In this case, too, the strength of N has increased very rapidly and reaches 59 MPa after only one day. 3 E For comparison, about a year after the two tests, ie 2 February 1982, Aino Heikkinen also performed an experiment in which Lo examined the compressive strength of unmixed concrete produced in CEM I cement in the same way as the concrete produced by the other two binders shown in Table 1. compressive strength. The result shows that the strength development of such 100% unalloyed cement has been slower than the development of the strength of concrete made from blast furnace slag or concrete made with peat burned with fly ash. Based on these tests and test results in the early 1980s, Lujabetoni Oy already industrially produced high-strength concrete from 100% blast furnace slag in 1981, which had been alkali-activated. These concrete structures are still in use in industrial properties without any structural damage. Peat-burning fly ash was also used in industrial utilization in the manufacture of concrete in the 1980s, until the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, after which possible precipitation on peat bogs was also warned in Finland. Cement chemistry has been almost the same for about 1,000 years, but today, when the binder is composed of combinations of different materials, cement chemistry is also changing. The result can be a binder that is more durable than the commonly known Portland cement. The novel binder compounds may also contain surprises in the form of long-term durability and various stresses, which must be tested as carefully as possible before the materials N are used, for example, in load-bearing structures.
    It is an object of the present invention to obviate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide an inexpensive and reliable method for treating ash from municipal waste incineration. It is also an object of the invention to provide a product formed by method N in which the ash from the incineration of municipal waste has been used as an additive in cement. In addition, one of the
    The aim is to maximize the recovery of ash from municipal waste incineration, thus expanding the possibilities for final disposal of ash.
    The method according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.
    Accordingly, the product produced by the method according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 7 and the use of the product is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 15. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is stated in the other claims.
    Typically, in the method according to the invention for treating ash from the incineration of municipal waste, i.e. mixed waste, a cement-based binder combination is formed in which fly ash, i.e. APC ash, from the incineration of municipal waste, i.e. mixed waste, is mixed with cement powder.
    Typically, the cement-based binder combination prepared by the method of the invention comprises, as one component, cement powder or cement-like powder and in addition fly ash, i.e. APC ash, from the incineration of municipal waste.
    Hereinafter, cement powder or cement-like powder is collectively referred to as cement powder. Preferably, the binder combination according to the invention comprises 7 about 75% cement powder, about 10-15% APC ash and about 10-15% a substantially harmless ground slag, wood bark combustion S 30 fly ash or other substantially harmless fly ash 3 of the latter two. percentage so divided that N their total percentage is about 25%.
    g One of the great advantages of the solution according to the invention is the utilization of the ash from the incineration of municipal waste as well as possible. In this case, part of the cement powder can be replaced by this ash, which makes it possible to reduce the CO 2 emissions caused by the production of cement in the concrete industry, since cement is needed for the production of concrete with less fly ash replacing part of the cement. Such cement acts, for example, as a soil reinforcement or stabilizer. Likewise, the cement thus prepared can be used for applications where the strength and other properties of better quality cements are not required. Such cement can be used to make, for example, concrete slabs and yard stones, as well as various support structures. In addition, the ecological footprint is much smaller than with current APC fly ash. Cement for the manufacture of concrete is classified according to the admixtures and strength classes. Based on the relationship between the base clinker and the admixtures, building cements are divided into different quality classes, i.e. types, of which type CEM I cement may contain the least, ie no more than 5% admixtures. Correspondingly, type CEM III cement may contain considerably more admixtures and up to 80% blast furnace slag. Type CEM III cement strength class symbol = is 32.5 R or 32.5 depending on the speed class. This means 3 that the compressive strength of type CEM III cement should be LO no later than 28 days after curing 32.5-52.5 7 MPa. In this case, the lower limit of compressive strength for CEM III type E acceptable admixture cement is 32.5 MPa. 0)
    E D Thanks to this invention, so-called APC waste, i.e. fly ash material containing harmful and / or hazardous substances generated as N by-products of waste incineration, can be safely used as a raw material for cement production, which can be further used, inter alia, as a soil stabilizer and in concrete production. The APC fly ash thus generated from municipal waste incineration can be used as a cement admixture at a maximum of about 50% of the amount of cement powder, preferably an upper limit of about 20-25% and a fairly safe upper limit of about 15%. However, even smaller amounts of mix are possible, so overall, APC fly ash can be used as a cement mix instead of the current zero use in an amount of about 0-50% of the total mix.
    Said percentages are percentages by weight.
    Table 2 shows the results of the applicant's experiments investigating the solubility of harmful substances in concrete samples in which part of the cement powder in the cement used had been replaced by the sorted and, if necessary, ground fly ash of APC waste used in the solution according to the invention.
    Solubility test [EE et a is>: 8 = -
    E ”3
    E 3 | moor) 160 | so | 160 | so | 75 | 73 |
    N Table 2.
    Correspondingly, Table 3 shows the limit values for harmful substances in accordance with Government Decree VNa 843/2017 and the maximum layer thickness of waste at various earthworks.
    Industrial and Civil Engineering Warehouse- Fairway Fairway Target Building Base Structure | se | js | si | sa [sn | thickness ein ss front 0 endef | 0110 | 66 [ss | 6 | e | o> Table 3. 3 LO It can be seen from Tables 2 and 3 that the concentrations of hazardous and noxious substances in the concrete samples in which 7 of the cement powder in the cement used had part of the cement powder used in the solution according to the invention were replaced and, if necessary, ground APC waste fly ash. N are in most cases below the limits for harmful substances set out in Table 3 in accordance with Government Decree VNa 843/2017.
    values at the construction sites listed in Table 3.
    An example is Molybdenum, in which the contents of Table 2 are explained.
    In the first three samples, 50% of the sorted and, if necessary, ground fly ash from the incineration of APC waste is mixed with cement powder, while in the last three samples, 15% of the sorted and, if necessary, ground fly ash from the incineration of APC waste is mixed with cement powder. It can be seen from Table 2 that in all samples 1-6 the solubility values of molybdenum are below the limit values given in Table 3 according to Government Decree VNa 843/2017 at all other construction sites, except in field structures where the ground surface is not coated but only covered.
    In this case, the limit value is 0.5. However, the solubility values of samples 4-6, which contained only 15% fly ash, are also below this limit.
    It is also special in the binder mixture, which contains about 85% cement and about 15% sorted, either fine or coarse APC fly ash, that the concrete made from it has a good initial strength development compared to, for example, blast furnace slag mixtures.
    According to the invention, it is advantageous to first classify the APC fly ash into at least two different grain size classes and to use the APC fly ash thus classified.
    Coarse fly ash with a grain size must then be further finely ground.
    Due to the classification, the elemental contents contained in the ash are distributed favorably and, however, it does not cause a significant disadvantage, for example, to the development of the compressive strength of the concrete. 7 The importance of classification is particularly emphasized by the high mixing-E ratio, for example when using up to n in a cement mix.
    S 50% APC fly ash.
    For example, if the mixture contains about 50 to 3% of unclassified APC fly ash with both fine-grained APC ash and coarse-grained APC ash, the development of compressive strength slows down dramatically.
    Instead of or in addition to APC fly ash for the incineration of mixed waste, various finely ground slag or also fly ash from wood bark and bark combustion can also be mixed into the cement. Table 4 shows in simplified form the test results from the 2015 and 2016 studies, which tested the effect of two different slags and two different ash shell shells on the development of cement compressive strength as a prism test. Table 4 shows the results of tests performed by the applicant in which various slags and fly ash from bark combustion have been mixed into the type CEM I cement. The binder combinations thus obtained have been used to produce concrete, the development of compressive strength of which has been measured by standard tests. Fresh pulp / prism test Date 1.7.2015 23.9.2015 24.2.2016 9.3.2016 CEM 135% CEM 150% CEM 175% CEM 175% Raw materials Merox 5000 CB slag, fine | Bark ash, Bark ash, 65% 50% medium fine 25% fine 25% o | Other notes | 1] 2 average strength (MP) | | | |
    N $ mk 1 EE |
    O i m 1111. | 3 ww wT = | www ew
    LO 2 www | e ow O
    N Table 4.
    The second column of Table 4 shows an experiment in which granulated Merox 5000 slag, 65% produced in Sweden, was mixed with CEM I grade cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 35%. The lower limit of compressive strength of 32.5 MPa for type CEM III cement is already exceeded after 14 days of hardening, so this binder combination well exceeds the lower limit required for type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    Correspondingly, the third column of Table 4 shows an experiment in which 50% granulated Cement Bow slag produced in Germany was mixed with CEM I grade cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 50%. The lower limit of compressive strength of type CEM III cement is already exceeded after 7 days of hardening, so this binder combination also exceeds the lower limit required of type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    The fourth and fifth columns of Table 4 show an experiment in which 25% of the fly ash from the burning of wood bark and / or bark was mixed with CEM I grade cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 75%. In the first experiment, medium cement bark ash was mixed with the cement and in the second experiment, fine bark ash.
    = 25 In both cases, the lower limit of the compressive strength of type CEM III cement is already exceeded after 14 days of hardening, 7 so that these binder combinations also exceed the lower limit of a = required for type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    ® 30
    LO D Table 5 shows other test results for other binder N combinations that also meet at least the strength class requirements of cement type CEM III.
    Fresh pulp / prism test CEM 177% CEM 177% CEM 143% Raw materials APC ash 10% APC ash 13% APC ash 50% Stainless steel slag 13% Stainless steel slag, coarse 10% | Stainless steel slag 7% | Wi | [ee | m = Table 5.
    The second column of Table 5 shows an experiment in which 10% APC ash generated during municipal waste incineration and 13% RST slag generated during steel production were mixed with type CEM I cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 77%. The lower compressive strength limit of 32.5 MPa for type CEM III cement is exceeded after 28 days of curing, so this binder combination well exceeds the lower limit required for type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    > 2 15 The third column of Table 5 shows an experiment in which 2% of CEM I cement was mixed with 13% APC ash from municipal waste incineration and 10% coarse RST slag from steel I production. = In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is approx. 77%. The lower compressive strength of Type 3 CEM III cement 32.5 MPa is exceeded after> 28 days of curing, so this binder combination also exceeds the lower limit required for Type CEM III cement well in terms of strength.
    The fourth column of Table 5 shows an experiment in which type CEM I cement was mixed with 50% APC ash from municipal waste incineration and 7% coarse RST slag from steelmaking. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 43%. In this case, the lower limit of the compressive strength of the type CEM III cement was not reached and the test piece cracked and swollen.
    As such, this binder combination does not exceed the lower limit required for CEM Type III cement.
    Tables 6 and 7 show the binders made with different mixing ratios of type CEM I Embra cement powder and municipal waste incineration APC ash and the post-cure compressive strength values obtained from the concrete test pieces made therefrom measured after one day, three days and 28 days.
    In addition, the APC ash or APC fly ash used in the experimental arrangements was classified into two different grain size classes, namely fine-grained APC ash and coarse-grained APC ash, which coarse APC ash is further finely ground.
    This procedure halved the harmful and hazardous ingredients contained in APC ash. o S 25 o »Fresh pulp / prism test: 9 Raw materials: E Cement (26) Embra 95% Embra 95% Embra 85% Embra 85% 2 APC fly ash (%) APC, fine 5% APC, coarse 5% | APC, fine 15% APC, rough 15%
    Table 6. Fresh pulp / prism test Raw materials: Cement (26) Embra 75% Embra 75% Embra 50% Embra 50% APC fly ash (%) APC, fine 25% | APC, rough 25% APC, fine 50% APC, rough 50% - | s == "1 <! - j-— | wee | Table 7. The second column of Table 6 shows an experiment in which type CEM I Embra cement is mixed with municipal waste incineration, classified, fine APC ash 5%, in which case the amount of cement powder in the mix is about 95% The compressive strength = lower limit of 32.5 MPa of type CEM III cement is well exceeded already after 7 days of hardening, so this binder combination exceeds its strength. on behalf of the well 7 15 lower limit required for type CEM III cement.
    Ao a S The third column of Table 6 shows an experiment in which a type CEM I Embra cement is mixed with a community | 5% coarse-grained APC ash generated during waste incineration. In this case, the cement
    the amount is about 95%. In this case, too, the lower limit of compressive strength of 32.5 MPa for type CEM III cement is already exceeded after 7 days of hardening, so that this binder combination well exceeds the lower limit required for type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    The fourth column of Table 6 shows an experiment in which type CEM I Embra cement was mixed with 15% fine-grained APC ash generated during municipal waste incineration. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 85%. In this case, the lower limit of the compressive strength of type CEM III cement of 32.5 MPa is exceeded after 28 days of curing, so that this binder combination well exceeds the lower limit required of type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    The fifth column of Table 6 shows an experiment in which type CEM I Embra cement was mixed with 15% coarse-grained APC ash generated during municipal waste incineration. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 85%. Also in this case, the lower limit of the compressive strength of type CEM III cement 32.5 MPa is exceeded after 28 days of hardening, so this binder combination well exceeds the lower limit required of type CEM III cement for its strength. 3 LO Correspondingly, in the second column of Table 7, it is shown that in which type CEM I Embra cement is mixed with 25% of APC ash produced by municipal waste incineration, classified, S30 fine size. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 75%. In this case, the lower limit of the compressive strength of CEM N III cement of 32.5 MPa is not exceeded after 28 days of curing, so this binder compound
    does not exceed the lower limit required for CEM type III as such. The third column of Table 7 shows an experiment in which type CEM I Embra cement was mixed with 25% coarse-grained APC ash generated during municipal waste incineration. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 75%. In this case, too, the lower limit of the compressive strength of type CEM III cement of 32.5 MPa is not exceeded after 28 days of hardening. However, the measured value of 32.15 MPa is very close, so changing the mixing ratio by a few percent might be sufficient to reach said lower limit. For example, with a mixing ratio of 80% APC ash to cement powder, 20% of the cement powder could be exceeded, whereby the binder combination would exceed the lower limit required for type CEM III cement in terms of strength. The fourth and fifth columns of Table 7 show experiments in which 50% of the classified APC ash generated during the incineration of municipal waste was mixed with type CEM I Embra cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is about 50%. In these cases, the lower compressive strength limit of 32.5 MPa for type CEM III cement is not exceeded even after 28 days of hardening, so that these binder combinations do not exceed the lower limit required for type CEM III cement as such.
    O 2 r The coarse alloying material mentioned in Tables 5-7, either slag or fly ash S 30, which is classified as coarse in size, is further finely ground before it is mixed into the alloying material. OF
    Table 8 shows the binder prepared with a 50/50 mixing ratio of CEM Type I embra cement powder and municipal waste incineration of unclassified APC ash and the post-cure compressive strength values obtained from the concrete test pieces prepared therefrom for one day, seven days and 28 days. after. Fresh pulp / prism test Raw materials: Cement (2) Embra 50% Embra 50% APC fly ash (%) APC, unclassified 50% | APC, unclassified 50% Fo s] s Initially stored in the room Decomposed in water at the temperature of the plastic within 7 days. we wT wwe ww ee Table 8.
    The second column of Table 8 shows an experiment in which = unclassified APC-7 ash 50% generated during the incineration of municipal waste was mixed with = type CEM I Embra cement. In this case, the amount of cement powder in the mixture is also about 50%. The specimen disintegrated in the water in one day, E so the strength could not even be properly measured from it. This S binder combination does not exceed the lower limit required for type CEM 3 III cement in terms of strength.
    N 20
    The third column of Table 8 shows an experiment similar to that of the second column of Table 38, but now the test pieces were initially kept at room temperature inside the plastic for 7 days and the first strength measurement was made only after 11 days. In this case, the lower limit of the compressive strength of type CEM III cement of 32.5 MPa is not exceeded after 28 days of curing, so that this binder combination does not exceed the lower limit required of type CEM III cement in terms of strength.
    Due to the harmful compounds they contain that are dangerous to humans, animals and the environment, fly ash from municipal waste incineration, or more generally mixed waste incineration, or APC ash, has not previously been freely recyclable or disposed of. Based on the results of numerous studies and tests performed by the applicant, the applicant has been able to develop a new, innovative solution for utilizing APC ash in an inexpensive and safe manner. In this solution, the APC ash is mixed, preferably dry, with the finished cement, suitably with a CEM I type cement powder with the least amount of admixtures. This creates a new and innovative, cement-based binder that can be used, for example, for the production of various concretes and concrete products = 25, as an grout, for filling mines, for stabilizing N soil to strengthen loose soil, etc.
    As shown in the test results, the binder combination according to the invention, i.e. the binder mixture or even more briefly the binder, may consist only of a part of cement powder and a part of APC-3 ash, preferably classified APC ash, but the binder-N combination may also consist of cement powder and APC-ash. in addition to ash, part of the granulated slag, preferably blast furnace
    and / or part of the fly ash from the incineration of bark or bark.
    It can be seen that the solution according to the invention comprises the preparation, use and the binder combination itself, which binder combination comprises a certain percentage of cement powder and a certain percentage of APC ash, preferably graded and, if necessary, further ground after grading.
    In addition, said binder combination may comprise a certain percentage of one or more of the following alloying elements: stainless steel slag, other blast furnace slag, shell combustion fly ash, bark combustion fly ash, peat combustion fly ash, wood combustion fly ash, other bio-combustion fly ash, coal ash.
    In addition, said binder combination may contain various additives which are or may be ready in the cement powder already in use.
    According to the method of the invention, said binder combination is preferably prepared by dry blending N% municipal waste, i.e. more generally mixed waste fly ash or APC ash, with cement powder, preferably type CEM I cement powder.
    Preferably, the APC ash to be mixed is graded ash, for example either ash directly classified as ash or ash initially classified as coarse and then finely ground.
    The percentage N 25 is N by weight and any percentage between 0 and 50%, suitably one at a time from the following integers and their decimal parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7 8, 9 , 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, E 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, S 30 38. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49. That is, in a shorter 3 min, the weight percentage N gets all integer values between the de- N with its decimal parts 0-50.
    As can be seen from the test results, one fairly safe value for the weight percent N of APC ash is 15. When APC ash, either fine or coarse, was mixed with type CEM I cement powder, all concrete test pieces made from this binder combination exceeded the values of type CEM III cement. It is likely that the values of the weight percent N of the APC ash are 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 also reach the values of the compressive strength of the type CEM III cement.
    If other admixtures are desired for the binder combination to be prepared, they are mixed with the binder combination in addition to the cement powder and APC ash. One preferred binder combination in this case is, for example, one containing cement, preferably type CEM I cement 75%, APC ash 10-15% and shell combustion fly ash 10-15% or other substantially harmless, previously mentioned mixture, APC ash and other alloying elements divided in such a way that their total percentage is 25%.
    The binder combination according to the invention can be prepared in any suitable place. Mixing can be done, for example, at a concrete station, mixing station or also at the place of use.
    The cement-based binder combination according to the invention in itself comprises a cement powder, preferably a cement powder of the type CEM I 7, mixed with N% municipal waste 7, more generally mixed waste fly ash or APC ash. Preferably, the APC ash to be blended is graded ash, for example either fine or coarse ash, which coarse ash is further finely ground after classification. The percentage N is a percentage by weight and any percentage between 0-50%, suitably any of the above N values. The cement-based binder according to the invention is preferably used for the production of various concretes and concrete products, as an grout, for filling mines, for stabilizing the soil to strengthen loose soil, and so on. When preparing the binder according to the invention for reinforcing the soil and / or stabilizing the road surfaces, it is advantageous to add fiber to the binder combination in addition to cement powder and APC ash, for example torn textile pulp. This brings toughness and tensile strength to the mixture.
    It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the various embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples set forth above, but may vary within the scope of the claims set forth below. It is essential that expensive and difficult to dispose of hazardous municipal waste, i.e. mixed waste fly ash, i.e. APC ash, can be utilized and recycled according to the invention by mixing it appropriately with cement. It is also clear to a person skilled in the art that the finished cement powder as the base material of the binder combination does not necessarily have to be the type CEM I cement powder described above. Other type C cement powders with more other S 30 admixtures can be used as well. In this case, when preparing the binder combination 3, other already prepared alloying elements are taken into account when mixing the ash of APC and possibly other own alloying elements when mixing into the binder combination. For example, the percentage of APC ash and other self-admixtures is then lower than when CEM I type cement powder is used as the base material. o oO
    N o <Q LO O
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    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    A method for treating ash from the incineration of municipal waste, i.e. mixed waste, characterized in that a cement-based binder combination is formed in which fly ash, i.e. APC ash, from the incineration of municipal waste or mixed waste is mixed with the cement powder.
    [2]
    Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the APC ash is mixed with the cement powder in an amount of at most 50%, suitably at most about 25% and preferably at most n.
    15%.
    [3]
    Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the APC ash is mixed with the cement powder in a weight percentage of N%, where N obtains all integer values with decimal places between 0 and 50.
    [4]
    Method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the cement powder is mixed with classified APC ash and, if necessary, further ground APC ash.
    [5]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the cement powder and APC ash N, one or more of the following 7 are mixed into the binder combination: ground stainless steel slag, ground other blast furnace slag, 7 shell combustion fly ash, bark combustion fly ash, tur - a fine combustion fly ash, wood combustion fly ash, other biopol- S 30 ton fly ash, coal combustion fly ash.
    [6]
    Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the APC ash is dry-mixed with a cement powder, preferably a type CEM I cement powder.
    [7]
    7. Cement-based binder combination, in which one ingredient is cement powder, characterized in that in addition to the cement powder, the binder combination comprises fly ash, i.e. APC ash, from the incineration of municipal waste, i.e. mixed waste.
    [8]
    Binder combination according to Claim 7, characterized in that the binder combination comprises at most 50% APC ash, suitably at most about 25%, preferably at most about 15%.
    [9]
    Binder combination according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the binder combination comprises APC ash in weight percent N%, in which N has all integer values with decimal places between 0 and 50.
    [10]
    Binder combination according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterized in that in addition to the cement powder and APC ash, the binder combination comprises one or more of the following: ground stainless steel slag, ground other blast furnace slag, shell combustion fly ash, bark combustion fly ash, peat combustion fly ash, wood burning fly ash, S 25 other biofuel fly ash, coal burning fly ash. Binder combination 7 according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the binder combination a comprises classified APC ash and, if necessary, additionally S 30 ground APC ash. 3
    [11]
    OF
    [12]
    Binder combination according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the binder combination comprises a CEM I type cement powder.
    [13]
    Binder combination according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the binder combination comprises about 80-90% of cement powder and about 20-10% of APC ash, preferably about 85% of cement powder and about 15% of APC ash .
    [14]
    Binder combination according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the binder combination comprises about 75% cement powder, about 10-15% APC ash and about 10-15% substantially harmless ground slag, wood bark combustion fly ash or other essentially harmless fly ash The percentage of the latter two, divided so that their combined percentage is about 25%.
    [15]
    Use of a binder combination according to claim 7 as one or more of the following: as a binder for the production of various concretes and concrete products and / or in the preparation of grout and / or in earthworks and earth reinforcement, and as a binder in roadbed and other land stabilization or mine backfilling. o 5 25
    N o <Q wn
    O
    I a a 0)
    O
    OF
    LO
    O
    O
    OF
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    法律状态:
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    FI20195499|2019-06-12|PCT/FI2020/050420| WO2020249872A1|2019-06-12|2020-06-12|Method for handling of ash of burned municipal waste, a product formed with said method and use of said product|
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